Best Dog Ramps for Cars, SUVs, And Trucks

We're an affiliate

We hope you love the products we recommend! Just so you know, we may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page at no additional cost to you. Thank you if you use our links, we really appreciate it!

As our canine friends advance in age, they are likely to encounter health challenges including limited mobility due to weakening joints.

If your pooch is struggling to get into the car, then you need to take a proactive approach that helps them get a smooth path into the vehicle without straining.

Fortunately, there are plenty of dog ramps that are explicitly designed to help your dog navigate their way into cars and similar high places.

In addition to providing a smooth transition, dog ramps are totally worth it and they can make life easier for canines recovering from surgeries, injuries, or those managing chronic conditions.

Our team took time to research and review the best dog ramps for cars, SUVs, and trucks and narrowed them down to 11 products that met the requirements for safety and ease of use.




Our Top Picks

Best for All Vehicles & Dogs
    • Lightweight design but sturdy
    • Telescoping design for easy storage and portability
    • Incredible traction on the surface
    • Secure latch to keep your dog safe
    • Side rails for reduced accidents
Best for Senior Dogs & Mobility Issues
    • Low angle
    • Rubber feet for added stability
    • Centre stool adds stability
    • Limited lifetime warranty
    • Made in the USA
Best for Trucks
Best for Cars/Sedans
Best for All Vehicles & Dogs
  • Lightweight design but sturdy
  • Telescoping design for easy storage and portability
  • Incredible traction on the surface
  • Secure latch to keep your dog safe
  • Side rails for reduced accidents
Best for Senior Dogs & Mobility Issues
  • Low angle
  • Rubber feet for added stability
  • Centre stool adds stability
  • Limited lifetime warranty
  • Made in the USA
Best for Trucks
  • Reflective surface and sides
  • Easy to fold and carry
  • High-traction walking area
  • Rubbered bottom
Best for Cars/Sedans
  • Sturdy construction
  • Anti-slippery surface
  • Adjustable incline angle
  • Self-supporting
  • Side handle for easy portability





Dog Ramps for Vehicles Reviews

1. PetSafe Happy Ride Telescoping Dog Car Ramp – Best for All Vehicles

  • Dimensions: 87L x 20W x 4H Inches
  • Ramp type: Telescoping
  • Materials: Aluminum, Plastic, Metal
  • Max dog weight: 300 pounds
  • Dog size: All
PetSafe Happy Ride Telescoping Dog Car Ramp

The PetSafe Happy Ride Telescoping Dog Car Ramp checked all our requirements for the best ramp for all vehicles.

The telescoping design allows for maximum length while it can also be retracted to save some storage space.

You’ll also love the lightweight yet sturdy design of the ramp, which makes it an easy tool to haul in your trips.

This means you can retract the ramp and store it nicely in the backseat row or put it in your truck for interior space management.

With a high-traction walking surface, your pooch is guaranteed to make a smooth transition without worrying about slipping.

Our featured unit can support a maximum weight of 300 pounds, but if you need more capacity, you can go for the one that withstands 400 pounds, which is within the range of nearly all dogs.

We also liked the safety latch which helps to keep the ramp in place when your furry passenger gets on board for a car ride.

What we liked

  • Lightweight design but sturdy
  • Telescoping design for easy storage and portability
  • Incredible traction on the surface
  • Secure latch to keep your dog safe
  • Side rails for reduced accidents

What we didn’t like

  • The walking surface might be rough for puppies
  • Not weatherproof



Best Dog Ramps for SUVs

2. WeatherTech PetRamp (Easy Ramp) – Best for Senior Dogs & Mobility Issues

  • Dimensions for each ramp: 42L x 32W Inches
  • Central stool measurement: 10L x 15W x 15H Inches
  • Ramp type: Folding
  • Materials: Aluminum, Plastic
  • Max dog weight: 300 pounds
  • Dog size: All

This unit from WeatherTech features a unique design with a top and bottom ramp connected with a central surface stool.

This makes it an extended tool with the convenience for use in high vehicles like SUVs and other elevated surfaces.

Coming in with two common color options (Gray and Black), you can be sure to find one that blends with your car exterior paint.

We also liked how the walking surface has been rubberized to create a non-skid platform for your pup to walk smoothly.

For added stability, this ramp features soft rubber grips on both ends to attach to the ground and vehicle which keeps the tool in place.

With the ability to fold the ramp into one half, pet parents can enjoy the convenience of hauling this tool and keeping it in a small storage area when not in use.

What we liked

  • Low angle
  • Rubber feet for added stability
  • Centre stool adds stability
  • Limited lifetime warranty
  • Made in the USA

What we didn’t like

  • The surface stool adds the requirement for storage and decreases the portability



3. Pet Gear Free-Standing Extra Wide Carpeted Dog Car Ramp

  • Dimensions: 55L x 19.25W x 23H inches
  • Ramp type: Folding
  • Materials: Plastic
  • Max dog weight: 300 pounds
  • Dog size: All
Pet Gear Free-Standing Extra Wide Carpeted Dog Car Ramp

You’re unlikely to go wrong with a product from Pet Gear due to their proven history of making some of the best accessories for our furry friends.

This particular carpeted dog ramp comes with a chocolate color, which matches an outdoor setting for camping and hiking.

Away from the aesthetics, the carpeted surface on this ramp ensures your pet gets the right footing when coming on or off your vehicle. This prevents them from slipping or getting injured.

The safety of this ramp is further enhanced by raising the edges to prevent your furry friend from making that slip or stumbling while walking.

To reinforce the safety components, WeatherTech added some rubber grips at the bottom to ensure the entire ramp stays in place while being used

We were impressed by the two sets of sturdy feet used in supporting this ramp, meaning you don’t have to attach it to a vehicle for you to use it.

This means you can use this ramp to give your dog smooth access to other places within your house and outdoors.

You can easily fold up the ramp and store it in a small space when you’re not using it. This makes it an ideal tool for hauling with your pet.

What we liked

  • Self-supporting ramp
  • Terrific traction on the surface
  • Good design for outdoor settings
  • Sturdy construction
  • Lightweight

What we didn’t like

  • The length might make the inclination angle steeper for some senior dogs.



4. Gen7Pets Natural-Step Foldable Dog Car Ramp

  • Dimensions: 72L x 16W x 1.5H inches
  • Ramp type: Folding
  • Materials: Steel, Plastic, Metal
  • Max dog weight: 250 pounds
  • Dog size: All

If your dog loves walking on natural grass, you can get them this ramp with artificial turf to fulfill their desire while accessing your cat.

Talking of the ramp surface, the artificial turf provides maximum footing which helps secure your dog’s paws and prevents them from slipping.

The turf grass is soft and you should not worry about it hurting your dog’s paw pads while moving up and coming down the ramp.

We liked the compact design of this unit, and how it can lock with ease when folded up for storage or hauling.

The soft rubber handle on the sides also makes it easier to carry this ramp with your hands without feeling the strain.

For added stability, the Gen7Pets Foldable Dog Ramp has rubber grips on both ends to ensure it stays in one place while your dog is using it.

One downside of this amazing product is that it doesn’t feature a self-supporting design, which limits the versatility of using it.

What we liked

  • Lightweight and sturdy construction
  • Beautiful design with artificial turf
  • Easy to store and carry with the handle

What we didn’t like

  • Not self-supporting



5. TRIXIE Two-Fold Dog Car Ramp

  • Dimensions: 61.4L x 15.7W x 5H inches
  • Ramp type: Folding
  • Materials: Plastic
  • Max dog weight: 200 pounds
  • Dog size: All

Even though the TRIXIE Two-Fold Car Ramp can be used by all dog breeds, we recommend using it for small, medium, and large dogs.

Brawny giant breed dogs might overwhelm the support structure of this folding ramp, making it a tripping hazard when using it.

The ramp can be folded into two, making it an ideal tool for long hauls and with minimum requirements for storage space.

We would love it more if TRIXIE included a handle on the side of the ramp for easier transport, but with a product weight of 11 pounds, there’s not much to worry about.

The plastic material used in the construction of this ramp is lightweight, yet sturdy enough to support your dog on smooth walks.

We liked the side rails along this ramp which help keep your dog safe during the walk and prevent accidents and slipping.

The walking surface is also furnished with non-slip coating for secured footing on a steady incline.

The included rubber feet on both ends ensure your dog stays in place when making a smooth transition to guarantee safety and stability.

What we liked

  • Lightweight design, yet sturdy.
  • Convenient side rails for added safety
  • Rubber feet for improved stability
  • Easy to fold

What we didn’t like

  • Might be flimsy when used by large dogs



Best Dog Ramps for Trucks

6. Pet Gear Reflective Extra Wide Foldable Dog Car Ramp – Best for Trucks

  • Dimensions: 71L x 19.5W x 4H inches
  • Ramp type: Tri-Folding
  • Materials: Plastic
  • Max dog weight: 200 pounds
  • Dog size: All

The reflective surface on this ramp works well in guiding your furry friend going into and coming off your vehicle.

In addition to the reflective surface, there are also some side reflectors to keep the ramp visible when in use.

The bottom rubbered grips will help keep this tool in a secure position while your dog is using it to prevent stumbling.

Still on the surface, we loved the anti-slip finishing that provides your lovely dog with a secure footing and solid path when accessing high places.

One of the best features of this ramp is that it can neatly fold in three equal sections which makes it easier to transport and store.

This ramp is not the least weighing option, but you won’t have challenges hauling it from one place to the other.

What we liked

  • Reflective surface and sides
  • Easy to fold and carry
  • High-traction walking area
  • Rubbered bottom

What we didn’t like

  • One size option
  • Not self-supporting



7. LUFFWELL Portable Dog Stairs for Large Dogs

  • Dimensions: 45L x 22W x 5H inches
  • Ramp type: Step Ramp
  • Materials: Aluminum
  • Max dog weight: 150 pounds
  • Dog size: All

If you have staircases in your home, then your dog should be familiar with this walking platform, and they may not require any training to use them.

The walking area on this 4 steps dog ladder can be adjusted to either a high inclination angle or low. This makes it versatile for use by different dog breeds.

The wider steps could be more stable than some dog ramps, making it an ideal option for use in outdoor settings.

Coming in with a weight of 8 pounds, these dog steps are lightweight and highly moveable. You can also fold it down to form a convenient size for easy storage and hauling.

We loved the non-slip paw print coating on the walking surface that gives a pet-friendly design and secures your dog’s feet when making their way in and out of your car.

Doubling the safety of your dog is a tether that can latch on the tailgate to make the structure stable and secure for your furry friend.

What we liked

  • Lightweight and sturdy
  • Adjustable angle
  • Easy to fold and carry
  • High traction surface

What we didn’t like

  • Not for less agile dogs or those with mobility issues



8. Coziwow Foldable Dog Car Ramp with Stairs

  • Dimensions: 61L x 15.7W x 3H inches
  • Ramp type: Step Ramp, Foldable
  • Materials: Polypropylene, Rubber
  • Max dog weight: 175 pounds
  • Dog size: All

This ramp from Coziwow comes with a budget-friendly price tag, but it doesn’t compromise on quality and functionality.

You’ll get a sturdy staircase construction with a very minimum incline angle that closely resembles a pet ramp.

Your dog’s access to elevated platforms is made safe and secure, thanks to the bright yellow anti-slip mat which secures their footing and adds visibility as they walk.

To enhance the safety of your furry friend, the ramp is secured with non-slip rubber pads at the bottom for extra stability when your dog makes a smooth transition into the car.

The major downside of this tool has to be the reduced visibility of the actual steps, which can cause dogs with visual problems to miss a step and get into an accident.

What we liked

  • Gentle incline steps
  • Sturdy construction
  • Provides secure footing and stability
  • Can be used on other platforms

What we didn’t like

  • Reduced visibility on the steps



9. Frisco Bi-Fold Travel Dog Car Ramp

  • Dimensions: 62.99L x 17.99W x 3.15H inches
  • Ramp type: Foldable
  • Materials: Plastic
  • Max dog weight: 155 pounds
  • Dog size: Small and Medium

The sturdy plastic frame of the Frisco Bi-Fold Car Ramp ensures that your dog below 150 pounds can get a smooth footpath into your car.

This ramp comes with a grooved walking surface which improves traction to reduce the chances of sliding.

Your dog’s safety is also heightened by the rubber feet at the bottom which helps to keep the ramp in place while being used.

Coming with a budget-friendly price tag, you can expect this ramp to cut costs on a few enhanced features, but it doesn’t compromise the safety of your pup.

The folding mechanism allows the ramp to be folded in halves to give you better chances of easy storage and improved portability.

What we liked

  • Lightweight, yet sturdy
  • High traction surface
  • Grooved walking surface

What we didn’t like

  • Single color choice
  • Not freestanding



Best Dog Ramps for Cars

10. PetSafe Happy Ride Side Door Pet Steps for CarsBest for Cars/Sedans

  • Dimensions: 44.9L x 18.5W x 8.4H inches
  • Ramp type: Step Ramp
  • Materials: Plastic
  • Max dog weight: 200 pounds
  • Dog size: All

You can create an easy pathway for your canine into the front section of your mid-sized car using the PetSafe Steps for cars.

The slope of the steps is adjustable to ensure you get a perfect match that provides a smooth transition for your dog inside and out of the car.

In terms of the safety of your dog, the textured surface will ensure your dog gets a good grip while taking one step at a time for reduced pain in the joints.

The side rails and rubbered feet are also meant to improve your dog’s safety by preventing slipping and adding stability respectively.

With a weight burden of 13 pounds, these dog steps are lightweight and easy to carry, thanks to the accessible handle on the sides.

The form factor of the folded pet steps is greatly reduced to ensure that the product fits in your car’s backseat or trunk area.

What we liked

  • Sturdy construction
  • Anti-slippery surface
  • Adjustable incline angle
  • Self-supporting
  • Side handle for easy portability

What we didn’t like

  • Not for less agile dogs



11. WeatherTech Non-slip PetRamp

  • Dimensions: ‎37L x 18W x 7H inches
  • Ramp type: Foldable
  • Materials: Rubber
  • Max dog weight: 300 pounds
  • Dog size: All

WeatherTech is a well-known brand that is dedicated to making automotive interior carpets, trunk liners, and other car accessories.

This company never misses a mark when they design pet accessories to be used in cars, and the WeatherTech Non-Slip PetRamp ticked all our requirements.

This folding dog ramp is designed and made in the USA to support dogs in getting a smooth ride into the car and when coming off.

With a handy collapsible system, the portability of this ramp is not a question, and it’s even made better with the 16-pound lightweight construction.

The rubber feet on both ends add to the stability of this tool by securing itself on the ground and the surface of your car.

Your dog’s safety is further assured by the non-slip surface which offers high traction and secure footing for a nice walk into the car.

What we liked

  • Easy to fold and carry
  • Sturdy and works well
  • High traction on the walking surface
  • Made in the USA

What we didn’t like

  • Could have been a little bit wider for huge dogs.

SEE ALSO: Best Dog Ramps for High Beds




Factors To Consider When Choosing a Dog Ramp for Vehicles

If you love traveling with a furry passenger, you have all the right reasons to invest in a high-quality dog ramp for vehicles.

As you have seen from our review, the market is filled with products that come in different shapes, sizes, forms, and price tags.

But before making a purchase decision, several factors should come into play to guide your decision, including:

1. Size and weight capacity

The first consideration when looking for a dog ramp should be to check whether it can hold your pup’s size and weight.

Every ramp model has a specific size dimension and maximum pet weight capacity, beyond which you may risk breaking the surface.

Countercheck the recommended weight range of your preferred ramp and match it with your dog’s weight before checking out your order.

In addition to the weight capacity, the ramp should be wide enough to accommodate the size of your dog while walking on a flat surface.

A narrow ramp might make your dog fearful of walking on it because they appear flimsy on their sight and this may push the dog away from using the tool.

2. Type of vehicle

The type of vehicle you intend to use while traveling with your canine passenger should also inform you in making a purchase decision for a dog ramp.

If you drive high vehicles such as SUVs or trucks, you need to choose a long ramp to give your dog a less inclined walking surface.

Owners of family cars like mid-sized sedans or estates can go for shorter ramps with decent lengths and inclination angles to keep your dog comfortable when walking through.

3. Ramp Length and angle

The length of your favorite ramps should carry much weight when deciding to make that purchase decision since it correlates directly with the steepness/inclination angle.

A longer ramp will give your dog a gradual incline angle, making it easier for them to navigate through into the vehicle.

This is especially helpful to dogs recovering from a surgery, or injuries, and those suffering from joint-related issues.

Providing a steep ramp for your canine friend might be dangerous especially when used alongside high vehicles such as SUVs and trucks.

4. Material and durability

The other important thing you’ll want to consider when purchasing a dog ramp is the materials used in construction since it has a direct correlation with durability.

We believe that nobody would want to pay for an accessory that cannot hold up with time or those made with flimsy material.

The price notwithstanding, a fragile ramp is dangerous for your dog, because it may break apart when stepped on to cause more danger to your innocent dog.

Look for dog ramps made with high-quality materials such as sturdy plastic, aluminum, thick wood, or a combination of strong materials.

5. Foldability and Portability

If you’re planning to go camping with your furry friend, then you may want to consider getting a foldable ramp with decent compactness.

Foldable dog ramps can be doubled up for easier storage and improved portability, which is a plus for dog parents on the move.

Telescopic ramps (retractable) are also convenient because they can be extended when needed and retracted to be stored in a small space when not in use.

In addition to the need for space, foldable dog ramps can also be convenient for people planning to use the tool across different vehicles.

6. Grip and traction

The walking platform of a good dog ramp should be covered with a textured material or rubber for maximum traction during walks.

This can prevent your dog from slipping or stumbling while walking, which can otherwise lead to falls and painful accidents.

You wouldn’t want to imagine your recovering dog slipping while trying to make their first walk across a smooth ramp, so make sure your preferred ramp is rough on the top.

7. Dog’s mobility and health

Dogs with limited mobility or those suffering from chronic canine conditions will need a long and wide ramp for added safety and less strain on the joints while walking.

We recommend chatting with your vet about the possible considerations when looking for a convenient ramp for your ailing dog.




Types of Dog Ramps for Vehicles

1. Folding Ramps

As the name suggests, folding ramps are those that can be folded when not used to save on storage space and allow for easier portability.

The hinges supporting the folding design are usually hidden on the underside, meaning the walking platform of your dog remains unchanged in terms of design.

Despite their ability to fold into halves, these convenient dog ramps do not compromise anywhere on the stability of your dog, so long as you stick to the maximum load capacity.

Best Dog Ramps for Cars, SUVs, And Trucks
Image Credit: Dagmar Breu from Shutterstock

These types of dog ramps are particularly useful to people who switch between vehicles, frequent travelers, or those with limited storage space at home.

In addition to saving on space, the clever design of folding ramps also makes it easier to provide your dog with higher reach while limiting the incline angle to the bare minimum.

2. Telescopic ramps

Telescopic dog ramps can be extended or retracted depending on the height and length of the place your dog needs to cover.

The design of telescopic dog ramps is versatile and allows pet parents to save on space when not using the tool.

Telescopic dog ramps are also ideal for pet owners who plan to use different vehicles to tag their furry friends on a trip.

The adjustability and retractability design of telescopic ramps should not make you think that they’re weaker than the fixed ones.

These ramps can support any dog breed as recommended by the manufacturer, and so long as you don’t overload it, you’re likely to get long service without breakdown.

3. Bi-fold and Tri-fold Ramps

Some bi-fold and tri-fold dog ramps can be folded horizontally, as opposed to the normal folding ramps which can go into halves vertically.

The design of bi-fold and tri-fold ramps is ingenious since it allows for a wider walking surface while being compact in storage and transportation.

When unfolded, these ramps offer a wider walking surface which is ideal for senior dogs with mobility concerns, or those walking with an abnormal gait.

Tri-folding dog ramps have two hinged panels that can be folded in three sections to create a more compact ramp for easier storage and portability.

4. Step ramps

Dog step ramps, also known as dog stairs, are designed with elevated steps on the walking surface instead of the conventional flat walking surface.

Step ramps are a perfect choice for younger dogs and puppies since it provides them with a perfect chance to get some exercise while accessing elevated platforms.

Step ramps can also be a good tool for dogs who may have challenges such as sliding, when walking on flat surfaces.




Choosing Between a Dog Ramp and Stairs – Are Ramps or Stairs Better for Dogs?

There’s a never-ending debate among pet parents on whether to use dog stairs or ramps to support their canine’s movement into elevated platforms.

What most people fail to appreciate is that both stairs and ramps are excellent tools for dogs with limited mobility.

A choice between the two will narrow down to your specific use case, dog preference, needs for storage, portability, and how frequently you intend to travel with the tool.

Among all these factors, we encourage dog owners to always consider their pet’s comfort and preference when choosing a tool before they think about other factors.

When to Choose a Dog Ramp

Dog ramps are carefully designed to provide a gentler incline for dogs to access higher surfaces with a smoother transition and maximum traction.

It’s for this reason that ramps are a better option to consider for dogs suffering from joint-related issues such as arthritis and those with chronic diseases that can limit their mobility.

Senior dogs may also find it difficult to navigate through steep stairs, making it a wise idea to consider ramps for them.

When to Choose Dog Stairs

Dog stairs are equally convenient for providing dogs with easy access to elevated surfaces, but they are made up of individual steps stacked together to achieve a certain height.

Dog stairs are ideal for growing puppies, small dogs, and those who have the energy to tackle individual steps without straining too much.

Most stairs can’t be collapsed into a small size, making them an option for people with enough storage space when not in use.

Choosing between stairs and ramps for your dog might require you to try and see which one works well for them.

It never hurts to get both types when trying out for the first time, to see which one your dog will prefer, and stick to that with future purchases, unless with a straight recommendation from the vet.




Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Do all dogs need ramps?

Not all dogs need a ramp to access elevated platforms such as high SUVs and trucks. If your dog is strong and active, you can allow them to make a supervised jump into the car, so long as it is safe for them.

With the advancement in age, nearly all senior dogs may need a ramp for assisted access onto elevated platforms such as couches and cars.

2. What is an alternative to dog ramps?

Dog stairs are the best alternatives to dog ramps. Although they are designed differently, both work by providing your pooch with a convenient place to access elevated surfaces.

However, you need to remember that dog stairs are not suitable for dogs with joint problems, or senior dogs because they can put too much stress on their weakening joints.

3. How steep is too steep for a dog ramp?

An incline angle of between 18 to 25 degrees is generally accepted to be safe for most healthy dogs using a ramp.

Dogs with mobility issues should have their ramps placed at a maximum slope angle of 18 degrees to provide a walking surface that doesn’t take a toll on their joints.

Small dog breeds should have a maximum of 20 degrees slope, while medium and large breed dogs can safely maneuver on ramps with a 25-degree incline angle.

Setting your dog’s ramp to a larger inclination angle might make your dog strain while walking which beats the purpose of having the ramp in the first place.

A steeper angle is also likely to predispose your canine friend from slipping or getting into accidents due to the effort required to make a safe walk.

4. Are stairs or ramps better for senior dogs?

It’s ideally recommended to use ramps for senior dogs because of their gentle incline and smooth walking surface that require less effort.

Most senior dogs are likely to have mobility concerns stemming from their aching joints, or chronic illnesses, making it more difficult to use stairs.

However, if your senior pooch is still strong and agile enough to take the stairs, you can still use them to provide a smooth transition to elevated platforms.

Make sure to monitor your dog’s coordination and balance when climbing up and down the stairs at home to determine if they can withstand pet steps.




Conclusion

Your dog deserves a smooth transition when walking into a car for a short trip or during those long rides to hiking sites.

In our reviewed list of the 11 Best dog ramps for cars, SUVs, and trucks, we have focused on the products that give your dog a textured walking surface with a sturdy construction for stability.

The safety of your canine friend should always override other factors when looking for an accessory to enhance their quality of life.

Just to recap on what we found; the PetSafe Happy Ride Telescoping Ramp stood out as one the most versatile dog ramps for use in all vehicle types and all dog sizes.

The WeatherTech PetRamp is the recommended model for senior dogs and dogs with mobility problems.

We loved how easy it is to extend and retract this tool for use in different vehicles, not to mention the smooth walking surface and impressive weight capacity.

This dog ramp simply ticked all our boxes and you can get it now for a sale of 11% off, making it a good bargain for the price.

We hope that you found a good product that can work for your pet to make their lives easier and happier.

Written By

Laura is the founder of Furs'n'Paws. She is a also a pet writer and expert with more than 20 years of experience of working with dogs and cats. She developed a very strong love for animals at a young age. Her passion led her to establish a thriving pet sitting and dog walking business in Dubai. As an expert in pet training, behavior, and nutrition, Laura is committed to helping pet owners and pet lovers by offering high-quality information on a wide range of topics.

Spread the love

No responses yet

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *